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People often think of the colon as simply an organ that rids the body of its waste. If not treated properly, the colon can develop problems and potentially diseases. These issues can make us uncomfortable, sick and can even be fatal if not treated right away.

First, there is colorectal cancer- or cancer of the colon or rectum. This disease is the fourth most common cancer in both genders and is curable if treated in its earlier stages. Symptoms of colorectal cancer can include, but are not limited to, blood in the stool, narrower stools, a change in bowel habits, and discomfort in the abdomen. Screening is important in detecting the cancer because it is more difficult to treat as it progresses. Treatments can include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or a combination of those.

Colonic polyps are extra pieces of tissue that grow inside the body. These growths can become cancerous if they are not removed. Those at risk for polyps include people over 50 years of age, a history of polyps, and a family history with polyps and/or colon cancer. Polyps generally do not bring symptoms, but bloody stools, bleeding after a bowel movement or extensive constipation and diarrhea can occur.

Ulcerative colitis causes sores and inflammation in the rectum’s lining. These ulcers tend to form where the rectum’s lining’s cells are killed from the inflammation. Bleeding then occurs, creating pus. Diarrhea can be a symptom of ulcerative colitis, as the colon empties frequently when this ailment is present.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder that is defined by its symptoms- cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea. IBS doesn’t do permanent damage, but does cause discomfort and distress due to its side effects. It can often be controlled with diet, stress management and medications.